Description
What a Standard RO Membrane Removes
A TFC (Thin Film Composite) reverse osmosis membrane is the core filtration stage of an RO system.
It reduces a wide range of dissolved contaminants by forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane.
Typical reductions include:
- Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
- Fluoride
- Heavy metals (e.g., lead, arsenic, mercury, chromium)
- Nitrates / nitrites
- Chlorides / sulfates
- Hardness minerals (calcium & magnesium)
- Sodium and many other dissolved salts
- Many dissolved inorganic contaminants
- PFAS / PFOA / PFOS (reduction depends on water conditions and system design)
- etc
A reverse osmosis (RO) membrane removes contaminants by mechanism, not by targeting individual chemicals. By forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane, RO rejects dissolved substances based on molecular size, charge, and solubility. Because many impurities share these properties, a single RO membrane can reduce thousands of different dissolved contaminants rather than a limited, fixed list.
These contaminants include a wide range of dissolved salts and minerals (TDS), heavy metals, inorganic ions, and many synthetic and industrial compounds commonly found in water. This includes substances such as fluoride, nitrates, sulfates, sodium, calcium, lead, arsenic, and numerous man-made chemicals that exist in water as dissolved molecules or ions.
Rather than listing every possible impurity, RO performance is typically described by its overall rejection rate, which is commonly 90–99% of total dissolved solids, depending on water conditions and system design. Actual contaminant reduction varies based on feed water quality, pressure, temperature, and pre-filtration, and not all contaminants are present in every water source.
What GPD Means
GPD stands for Gallons Per Day. It indicates the maximum amount of purified water
the membrane can produce under ideal lab conditions (commonly around 77°F / 25°C, ~60 psi, and low TDS feed water).
In real homes, production is usually lower due to water temperature, pressure, and TDS. A practical estimate is
~60–75% of the rated GPD.
Approximate Production Per Hour (Real-World Estimate)
| Membrane Rating | Approx. Gallons/Hour* | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| 75 GPD | ~2.0 – 2.8 gal/hr | Balanced performance (most common residential choice) |
| 100 GPD | ~2.7 – 3.4 gal/hr | Faster tank refill for families |
| 150 GPD | ~4.0 – 5 gal/hr | High output for higher daily demand |
*Actual production varies with feed water pressure, temperature, TDS, and system configuration.
Which GPD Should I Choose?
75 GPD
- Best overall balance of performance and production speed
- Great for most households (1–3 people)
- Popular standard residential size
100 GPD
- Faster water production and refill time
- Good for families and higher usage
- Often a great upgrade from 75 GPD
150 GPD
- Highest output in this listing
- Ideal for frequent use and higher demand
- Ensure your system uses a properly matched flow restrictor
Compatibility (1812 Standard Size)
This membrane uses the industry-standard 1812 size, commonly used in many residential and countertop RO systems
that accept standard 12″ membranes.
Fits Most Systems Using
- 1812 RO membrane housings
- Standard under-sink RO systems
- Many countertop RO systems with external housings
Does Not Fit
- 3012 membranes
- 4040 or larger commercial/industrial membranes
- Systems that require proprietary membrane sizes
Maintenance & Replacement Tips
- Typical membrane lifespan: 2–3 years (depends on water quality and pre-filtration).
- Replace sooner if TDS reduction drops or purified water production becomes noticeably slower.
- Replace sediment and carbon pre-filters on schedule to protect the RO membrane and improve performance.
Performance varies by feed water conditions, pressure, temperature, and system configuration.
| Elements and the Percent RO Membrane will remove | % of removal |
| Arsenic | 93%-96% |
| Aluminum | 86%-90% |
| Bicarbonate | 90% |
| Cyanide | 85%-93% |
| Chloride | 85%-92% |
| Calcium | 94%-98% |
| Sodium | 86.5%-93% |
| Sulfate | 96%-98% |
| Potassium | 84%-95% |
| Barium | 95%-98% |
| Iron | 94%-98% |
| Nitrate | 60%-76% |
| Mercury | 94%-98% |
| Zink | 95%-98% |
| Selenium | 94%-96% |
| Lead | 95%-98% |
| Phosphate | 94%-98% |
| Magnesium | 94%-98% |
| Fluoride | 82%-92% |
| Nickel | 96%-98% |
| Cadmium | 94%-98% |
| Detergent | 96%-99% |
| Herbicides | 97%-98% |
| Insectecides | 97%-98% |
| Strontium | 96% |



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